Live and let live is the spontaneous rise of non-aggressive co-operative behaviour that developed during the First World War particularly during prolonged periods of Trench Warfare on the Western Front. Perhaps one of the most famous examples of this is the Christmas Truce of 1914.
It is a process that can be characterised as the deliberate abstaining from the use of violence during war. Sometimes it can take the form of overt truces or pacts negotiated locally by soldiers. At other times it can be a tacit behaviour—sometimes characterised as "letting sleeping dogs lie"—whereby both sides refrain from firing or using their weapons, or deliberately discharge them in a ritualistic or routine way that signals their non-lethal intent.
This behaviour was found at the small-unit level, sections, platoons or companies, usually observed by the "other ranks" e.g. privates and non-commissioned officers. Examples were found from the lone soldier standing sentry duty, refusing to fire on exposed enemy soldiers, up to snipers, machine-guns teams and even field-artillery batteries.
Tony Ashworth in his book Trench Warfare 1914–1918: The Live and Let Live System researched this topic based upon diaries, letters, and testimonies of veterans from the war. He discovered that 'live and let live' was widely known about, at the time, and was common usually at specific times and places. It was often to be found when a unit had been withdrawn from battle and was sent to a rest sector.
During the First World War, 1914–1918, the Higher Commands, Division, Corps and Army Commanders and their staffs were aware of this un-aggressive behaviour, and in some cases used to analyse casualty statistics to detect it. As a counter, raids or patrols were often ordered to foster the correct "offensive spirit" in the troops.
The Live and Let Live system was fragile at best and was thus easily broken by the use of lethal force
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL
Life Is Beautiful (Italian: La vita è bella) is a 1997 Italian language film which tells the story of a Jewish Italian, Guido Orefice (played by Roberto Benigni, who also directed and co-wrote the film), who must employ his fertile imagination to help his family during their internment in a Nazi concentration camp.
At the 71st Academy Awards in 1999, Benigni won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the film won both the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Awards
3 Reception
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
[edit] Plot
The first half of the movie is a whimsical, romantic comedy and often slapstick. Guido Orefice (Roberto Benigni), a young Italian Jew, arrives in Arezzo where he plans to set up a bookstore, taking a job in the interim as a waiter at his uncle's hotel. He lives with his uncle Eliseo. Guido is both funny and charismatic, especially when he romances a local school teacher Dora (portrayed by Benigni's actual wife Nicoletta Braschi). Dora, however comes from a wealthy, aristocratic Italian (non-Jewish) family. Dora's mother wants her to marry a well-to-do civil servant, but Dora falls instead for Guido. Guido ends up stealing her away at her engagement, from her aristocratic but arrogant fiancé. Several years pass in which Guido and Dora marry and have a son, Giosué (Italian equivalent of Joshua) (Giorgio Cantarini). Dora and her mother (Marisa Paredes) are estranged due to the unequal marriage until a reconciliation takes place just prior to Giosue's fourth birthday.
In the second half, World War II enters the stage. Guido, Uncle Eliseo, and Giosué are taken to a concentration camp on Giosué's birthday. Dora demands to join her family and is permitted to do so. When Dora boards the train she is the only one wearing red, as everyone else is wearing dark coloured clothes. Guido hides Giosué from the Nazi guards and sneaks him food. Uncle Eliseo is gassed, though the others do not know. In an attempt to keep up Giosué's spirits, Guido convinces him that the camp is just a game, in which the first person to get 1,000 points wins a tank. He tells him that if he cries, complains that he wants his mother or complains that he is hungry, he will lose points, while quiet boys who hide from the camp guards earn 1,000 points. To further prove that the camp is a game he pretends to translate the guard's instructions.
Guido convinces Giosué that the camp guards are mean because they want the tank for themselves and that all the other children are hiding in order to win the game. He puts off every attempt of Giosué ending the game and returning home by convincing him that they are in the lead for the tank. Despite being surrounded by rampant death and people and all their sicknesses, he does not question this fiction because of his father's convincing performance and his own innocence.
Guido maintains this story right until the end, when—in the chaos caused by the American advance—he tells his son to stay in a sweatbox until everybody has left, this being the final test before the tank is his. After trying to find Dora, Guido is caught, taken away and shot dead by a Nazi guard, but not before making his son laugh one last time by imitating the Nazi guard as if the two of them are marching around the camp together. Giosué manages to survive and thinks he has won the game when an American tank arrives to liberate the camp. He is reunited with his mother, not knowing that his father has died. Years later, he realizes the sacrifice his father made for him and also, that it was for that sacrifice that he is still alive today. In the film, Giosué is around four and a half years old, however both the beginning and ending of the film are narrated by an older Giosué recalling his father's story and sacrifice for his family
At the 71st Academy Awards in 1999, Benigni won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the film won both the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Contents [hide]
1 Plot
2 Awards
3 Reception
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
[edit] Plot
The first half of the movie is a whimsical, romantic comedy and often slapstick. Guido Orefice (Roberto Benigni), a young Italian Jew, arrives in Arezzo where he plans to set up a bookstore, taking a job in the interim as a waiter at his uncle's hotel. He lives with his uncle Eliseo. Guido is both funny and charismatic, especially when he romances a local school teacher Dora (portrayed by Benigni's actual wife Nicoletta Braschi). Dora, however comes from a wealthy, aristocratic Italian (non-Jewish) family. Dora's mother wants her to marry a well-to-do civil servant, but Dora falls instead for Guido. Guido ends up stealing her away at her engagement, from her aristocratic but arrogant fiancé. Several years pass in which Guido and Dora marry and have a son, Giosué (Italian equivalent of Joshua) (Giorgio Cantarini). Dora and her mother (Marisa Paredes) are estranged due to the unequal marriage until a reconciliation takes place just prior to Giosue's fourth birthday.
In the second half, World War II enters the stage. Guido, Uncle Eliseo, and Giosué are taken to a concentration camp on Giosué's birthday. Dora demands to join her family and is permitted to do so. When Dora boards the train she is the only one wearing red, as everyone else is wearing dark coloured clothes. Guido hides Giosué from the Nazi guards and sneaks him food. Uncle Eliseo is gassed, though the others do not know. In an attempt to keep up Giosué's spirits, Guido convinces him that the camp is just a game, in which the first person to get 1,000 points wins a tank. He tells him that if he cries, complains that he wants his mother or complains that he is hungry, he will lose points, while quiet boys who hide from the camp guards earn 1,000 points. To further prove that the camp is a game he pretends to translate the guard's instructions.
Guido convinces Giosué that the camp guards are mean because they want the tank for themselves and that all the other children are hiding in order to win the game. He puts off every attempt of Giosué ending the game and returning home by convincing him that they are in the lead for the tank. Despite being surrounded by rampant death and people and all their sicknesses, he does not question this fiction because of his father's convincing performance and his own innocence.
Guido maintains this story right until the end, when—in the chaos caused by the American advance—he tells his son to stay in a sweatbox until everybody has left, this being the final test before the tank is his. After trying to find Dora, Guido is caught, taken away and shot dead by a Nazi guard, but not before making his son laugh one last time by imitating the Nazi guard as if the two of them are marching around the camp together. Giosué manages to survive and thinks he has won the game when an American tank arrives to liberate the camp. He is reunited with his mother, not knowing that his father has died. Years later, he realizes the sacrifice his father made for him and also, that it was for that sacrifice that he is still alive today. In the film, Giosué is around four and a half years old, however both the beginning and ending of the film are narrated by an older Giosué recalling his father's story and sacrifice for his family
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